Automotive suspension



1943. N. E. WAHLBERG ETAL 2,325,894 AUTOMOTIVE- SUSPENSION Filed Dec. 16, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l -ATFORNEY.

Ii PHELPS A AC 8 3, 1943- N. E. WAHLBERG EIYAL 2,325,894

AUTOMOTIVE] SUSPENSION Filed Dec. 18, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 N/A 3 [AV/f WAHLfiL-RG ROSS b PHELPS WALLACE S 567%) ATTORNEY gm a 6 Patented Aug. 3, 1943 Automotive SUSYENSION L'peration of Mai'yl'and I y 7 g .v V V I Animation Beasts 16, 194031S Not -ili I V aromas. (6.280%96-2);

This inventionrelates autorfiobile tirhei suslpensions and has particular reference" to means for independently springing the. frontwhe'eis of t an automobile.

Itvis an object o'f rthi's inventionito means for bracirig arpair of rigid king pinssrelav ti've' tol an automobile" body and slidea'blyzand.

'rotatably mounting steering knuckles thereon.

member}! securecbto 'the.urrderside'oi the-struc- It is another object Voft'this invention to promeans for .slideably mounting a wheel spindie upon a fixed king pin and shielding thesiiding connection from dust and moisture.

It is another obje'ct of thisfinvention to provide a; novel type of bearingretainer for slidea-bly' mounting a Wheel spindleJu-pon atfixed' kingpin.

It is another object of this i-nvention-tmpro vide novel meanslior limiting; the travel of-a wheel; spindle -slideabiy;amountedl upon a fixed kingpin. t i

.It is another object 0ft this :invention; to-preuidemeans' for independently springing a pair of road-wheels, which means are operable to simthe process of caster and mentor the wheels,

camber adjust- 3 Itis anotherobjeotof this inventionm erotura'liportion {of the automobile sanda pair of tsteerin-g =knuckles 2i 4, cushioned upon the king p b m'ee w' spring asse b es ener ll nim' .dicated at zlfian'd byfstrutytyne shgck absorbers,

H3.:. Thecross member 1211s rigidly seeured to 1 t e s 1232 the au fiqbile whi t e upper ends ilthek ne the underside of the side train me ins H) are braced vwith respect to the bd oi the automobile, by means offorward bracesig ege. I l tending to the f o t l me t-mem e 124" th body nd; reanbrace rods 26 wh ich e xtendpetween the t s of t e kin i nd d a ona r .;strut=member- 28' which also forms a part of v the automobile lzrot'ly. Theflit'ops of th king gins [[2 r :fuherint fbmeed i ei es t y 1% t 1 b 0. E h st etin rlsrtil kl fljvwfi qhs ppbr a r o t the road-wheels 32' arefree to' rotate" about the 'zspi ing iinit lfi andthe shook-absorbers T8.

vide novelmeans for mounting a spring Between v a stearing knuckle and a fixed king pin-animoi fi i aid-k s P om d a d Q W-I 4 Qther objects and advantages ofth-is invention -wi11Jee'a-pparent from ;aconsideration of the fol lowing description and--e1aimsandthe attached drawings; of which there a fishit i a g I Figure l represents ai front elevation of toznotive wheelsuspension-system;

Figure 2- represents an enlarged Figure 1; v

Figure 3' represents a side elevatio rial', View of" "the structure shownin Figur z withi the Wheel removed; r t t 1 Y Figure 4 rprese'ntsla e'r't'ica'l transil ti'ofnal view through I pension system taken alongia planejindicat'edf by Figure 8- represents an eniarg-ee View oi? the "lowerrtion of Figure 4 1 This invefitidri' deals with imp v 5 w rieeeet d-i ide of the" whee susis closed-by a plate 40 which forms the cids's' anau'-- i n V detailed view iz of one side of the suspension system shown in weer structure and. in the mear isdor mou-ntm'g a wheel generally ohanneishapednreinberhaving its sides ated-"The ends of the cross ineniber ar r byvnwardl'yasat 36-andterIhinateifi-ap lof reIatiVeZB jSTiaHQW cross sectio zi'at' 38 open face of the channel shafid 'c'ios's' v ineriiberinto a generall'ifhdllotv'boii sectioh I 'he fs-ide rail' member If: y

fi-ro'v'ided with a; klckl iii 42 or "alse'urb ward d as by' xifel ding thereto; is? an a'r trade as exteh Vidd to sea rthesiziace' heaviest-th he-apertures: 5a and-er. ene gaske scribed and claimed in the: ass-pennin ap'plic'at iSSuedDect a 8;; 19*;2: Generally, the su'sfiensidn i'ng" apertur'd so as to tightl y' engage the brace rods and the-base being provided with flared, j flanges fifiiwhichengaigeathexpaneL. As-the-1gas,-. i :ket'sa-are'pfe'sed" against the-paneii itf, theflanges v system: consists of. .ai hair of g'eneraiiy vertical 7- :kingpin's loimounted ontheenqsof a r d cross ofthe strutZ 8 and then" ourves V ep'anel'.

theeasel ia'a auwieegasmw 54 are ergv Q the shock absorber 55 spreadout causing the ap-e'rtured apex to grip the :brace rods tightly, externally grooved rubberplateli'i closesthe aperture 2.8;

the walls of the aperture 43 being engaged in,

the grooves.

cig

' Theforward brace rod 22 is provided with a; j

lower threaded end which is passed through a bracket fidwelded or otherwisesuitab'lysecured to the top surface of the front crossm'emberfl.

Z The bracket 56 is formed of two sheetsbf material bent tohave lower surfaces mating with the surface of the cross member 24 and raised'flanges extending perpendicularfto the rrod -22, which flanges are welded together and apertured' to receive the end of the brace rod. ,A nut and lock washerare threaded on the vend. tor f the :brace rod at'eachsideohthe bracketasat 58.

The: rear brace rod 23 extends to. a" bracket 1 5d secured tothe-diagonal' strut 28 at a point I,

which istdthe-rear; of thefking pin i3, inwardly -thereof and slightly below the upper end thereof.

Thebracketfifl is formed of two strips of n1etal welded to adjacent facesof'the strut '28 and'bent Nuts and brace rod on'eachside'of the 'bra'cket I58;

has its ends pressed'flatand pierced so as to fit over the end of a stud bolt-tl whichis secured to the kin pin It in a-mannerfwhich will-be 1 inoreparticularly described later. The end of the tie bar is'reinforced by a short sleeve-8d (see Figure 4) which is positioned in theend of'the tie bar before it isbpressed. The-upper ends of the brace rods 22 and 25 have eyes-66 formed thereon which also fit around the bolt 3|. "Just e rubber material t l within the o up shaped memberfBZ;

ffPo'sitioned around the king pin'IO is a sleeve 13:} which has a smooth inner cylindrical surface "of greater diameter than the diameter of the king pin'I8. The sleeve 94 is spaced from the king pin and is centered with respect thereto by a series of roller bearings 6 which have their a center portionturned on a radius to fit the surface of the king pin and their ends turned on a'radius to fit the inner surface of the sleeve 94.

These bearings are more particularly described and claimed in the before-mentioned application ofNils'Erik WahlbergSerial No 312,656, filed" The tie rod isformed of tubular-stock and adjacent to the end-of the tie rod 30 a U s'haped if clip 68 is welded t'othe underside of the tie rod.

' The clip Ii8'is apertured as at 'I0 to receive the "bayonet end"I2 of the shock absorber I8; The frubber biscuits H andnut I6 yieldingly secure tothe clip 68 and 'the tie" "f' Considering "the construction of the spring assembly Ifi injdetail, attention is calledto Figure in which the kingpin i8 is shown to have its ends drilled andftapped to' receive the stud bolt 3I which forms' 'the upper end pfthe king pin and receivesthe ends or the bra'cferods 'tioned overthe bearing assembly I Id. The bear- 22 and 2B and the tie rod 38 as was explained T fing assembly is further received in an inner cup above and the cap screw 80 which'secures the lower.end of the king pinto the crossrnember I2. The cap screw/ 88 in the'lower end ofvthe king pin I81 is passed through an upwardly flanged openingmin' a cup shaped member 82 respect to the cross memberg'lhelower end of January 1940, nowPatent'#-2,304,291 issued Dec. 8, 1942. -=Thelbearings 6 are retained in' 'spaced'- relationship ,at the ends of a retaining cylinder 98 which has its ends stamped into the shape ofla pentagon. The faces of: the pentagon areapertured as 'atuIflil (see Figuresfi and '7) torec'eive the bearings 98 and; retain; them in place. J a .i r i Theouter surface of'the sleeve 94' toward the upper end thereof is provided' witn 'a series 01 annular grooves I82 which mate with internal grooves in a split ring. I514. The outer surface of 'the split ring IM- tapers upwardly and is arranged to engage the inner surface'of a conical flange I86 formed "on a: spring seat IE8. The

'flangep'resses the split ring-"I04 againstthe out- 'beari'n'g'asse'mbly H4 is positionedbetween the upper surface of the upper spring seat I I2 and a hexagonal head 18 formed in the middle of the stud bolt 3i 'By turning the hexagonal head 78, the lower end of the stud bolt 3 I may be threaded into the king pin to hold the spring seat I I2'and the bearing assembly in place. The eyes 66 -are'ba'cked up by" the end of the tie bar 38 and a nut II6'. Fabric or other non-metallic washers? I I8 are positioned around the stud bolt 3I on each side ofthe tie"b-ar"30'an d a downwardly opening cup shapedshield I20 is posi- Felt or other sealingmaterial I25 is positioned between" the outer cup shaped member" 'I 28 and jthe innerc'up I22 topreventfdust from entering the kingpin I6 rests directly on a dished washer 9G and a flat rubber? washer fi'z which seats'upon the cross member I2v and the rends-of the cup shapedmernber 82 and sleeve 88; thus it will be seen that the angle Lofthe .king .pin I8 with respect to the cross memben i2 may'b'e changed s i htly by I causing; the cap screw 80 "to deform insulate the spring from the seat.

I aroundthe bearing-assembly H4.

7 An annularringITI offabri'c; rubber or other non-metallic material 'is positioned between the top of th'ejsprin'g I and the upper spring seat to insulate the Vspnfn'gffrom the seat; "At the bottom of the spring .I I8 a rubber grommet I28 is positioned on the lower spring seat I08 to The grommet I28 has an upwardly extending neck I29 which grips the outside of the sleeve 94 to prevent dust which may leak by the split ring I06 from reaching the spring;

andis'provided with a downwardly tapering bore .94.:w1'he steeringknuckle is apertured asat v the sleeve 94 with 'the bui'riper" m to receive a knuckle am lfor tarnimg the-knuckle sleeve about. the sizing pin and is also provided withua flange Hit-to which a backing plate (not shown) for the wheetmay I bebollted. The spindle i3! is fanned mpmthe steering l'muckle forging'outwamlyvoithe'fiange I'M. 0n. the inner side oi theknuckle N there is formed an earxtiz with; :2; horizontal bone" which is tapped-1w receive the r stml m- 'The stud rm extends generallyfhorizontal from the-side of the steermgi muckle; and. is

Theiap'erture Y Iii also acts 7 a,;vent forum expelled vfrom the bellows Whehtl ie sleeveafl isxlowereii towards the member 12;. y The rubber Washer Blasts-as away flapper valve to' preverit/ dusts-from being'sueked iritoi f lowsah. v

passed through an eye 18- on: thelowers-eml of v the shook absorber n;- Rubber; amen-s ne compressed between washersi ldii byfwthe mint 2, to expandinthe edge'sof thseiibis'ouitsihlto contact with the eye l35 f0ryie1ding1y securing thelowerpendi'ofthe shocl: absorber aon..;the stud I34; thus. as the steering: knuckle; rotates about The upp r:

around a flange Hi6 f amed on the upper spring I seat ,I l2. An? annular :rihg mving a-downwarrle the axis of theking ,pm n terstee'r iihe'vehieler,

the" shock absorber i851 may" 01 183330 1113 relative alignment respeet m the-stud, lzuw loy:he

forming the: rubber eams I38; Ahexagonal head- JM- is formedr centrally-pi stucl lfl and secures: a plate flvfigj against the ear; 32103? the steering-e knuokle The plate 146- has' amp-ppeihorizo tal portion provided a semi circular I cutout: ,to abut against; the: side 1. "the sleeve 94' and'a lower 'horizomal, portion; whieh is arranged to en'gage 'the-. dome shaped rubber bumper M8 mounted on the top oi the cross member L2 at the lower -:limit oi movement of the sleeve 94 on the ki 'g pin. IYhepl atel46 and [48; thus :ifunetion V as ;a '1 ehound Y bumper-tor limit stop for the suspension; 1

Thepearl-121g retaining cylinder and Q the 1 bearings-96 are retained withir the sleeve 95 by coilspririgs I50 which abutaththeirjopter ehds against the fian'ged plugs L52 press fitted in the ends of the sleeve :94; he noteii that-the lower spring 150 :aga ihst an. annular I53 weldedto the lower plug 1-52 The inner ends orthesprings 1512mm against the-ar u-l-ar metalwashers [54 which are riveted or otherwise suitably secured theiaces or the deformable sealing washers I156 of felt. ma-

to retai -liiihrioantlpaoked aroundsthe bearings 9'6," The washers I55 salesmanslows IBU is clamped between" the, edge of the lyextending flange: +5 8 is: Welded to. :the bottom oitheloWer spring seat and: iorms a; bask ing against whi-ch the: lower Qhid oi the bellows Hi2 may. clamped.- by a second split ring- 1in; 1 "The: split rings are providedwith ea-rs H2 16sec Figure 35), through which are passect the 'bolts why means of l which:- the ends 7 of i thesplit ri g'em ay be di awn together to 'c-lamp the sleeve inplace,v The outer-ends 113; of the-ears flz abut against each other so that-the: bolt H4 wil-l jdgraw the ends {of the 1 split; ring together irather than beading the outer poi tioris[10E the I Sinee therubbersleet/e461?- v t e. fi edu pe sh e se t i e mw h lower spring seat will aet asiabellows; the upper spring seat H 2 is-piereeci and provided witha short tube J16 which; eommuraieates between the space; inside oi-the bellows I'Mq and a-; .fiexihle tube I18 which: exten ds upwara-ly to .a pipe 5H4 secured by arubber grommet 1,15' in'- -the upper portion oi the wheel: house; par-1el4E-., A cap 158i! filled; with filtering rrraterial lfil 15 p0sitione el overthe'.v upper er d ofthe pipe-I19; The end-of the pipe and; the. filteringmaterial, wl are i n a he em a men t 9f; th ss at 6f du t row vz e-w e l" 32 andwill prevent-dust from entering the -bel lows lfil. i

mama aqthe upper end of the king pin l0 and is-seated a. ls T u e ne ashers-155'. slide between surfaces ,of the sleeve .31 afid lking pinQ'fl against the underside of the upper spring. sea;t l 12;: 7 It wil-ljbenoted that the wallsof the ring 1 186 taper in thielgness toward achfendbji the v ring and that the ring is positioned direotly' above the flanged plug L52 onthetop oithe-sleeve r94;

dished washer" stand the upper suriabevofithe Q Cross memher (2 this there is' notpassage for dust around the king'f pit to the lower end of Attention is eallfetf'to' the 71am 7 that the horizontal ortions of th' lfi'ellbws F are formed of thickermaterial "are the nodes 1 of thebellpws-sothatjwherr the sleeve anti steering lrnulclcle arei lowered with respeiajt' to the cross: F2; thehbri'zontalwalls I63 altered' by changingatheposition. of thennutsiaml rzl'ock washers58 andi'62w on the braoeirods-flnand i.

26 and that'the positionof on-e kingpin will foilerw' the; position of the other kin g; pin? clue 'to' "the: tie

. rod 38 so .th'atwo ne pwheel maybejmeasure'd for -;-eamberrarrdfclamped;inflp'laceandtheotherwheel without furthersembly "I BaIi dT-the reller bearm sss between the sleeve and the I thus, near the limit ofupwarcl movement of the sleeve SI-l, with; respeetftotheking pin, thepliig 15-2 will er g-agethe rubber ring LEE-and der in th i i ls pp r wi e seat 7 H 2 will cushion thes-leeyegandsteering knuckle as they approach their upwar i l-imit: of movement. The tapered-.;;cross;section of theeri-ng allows rubber to flowjnwvard ly; towards the "kingfi piill 7 until the ring. -;attains-. 35' eonstantl cross sedation. Thus'the resistance; offered; bythe ringito-imoive ment of the-sleeve will increase progressively with "movement of the-sleeve. I v y Attention: is called to the faotythat'the taster and: camber. adjustmentoi the-king pins may he wins automatica'ii pin arese'aleci against-dirt.

' 'Iherlowerend Gat ering p'ih i'sf mammals-men t I e'd on rubbe oh thea-crossfmeml'a'er to albsol h vfi which. -may ciondeme m ithe hellerws toescape; I

end; of .thesleeve- .skandrthe spring l m are s'ealedi from, dusts-by means :ofla Wmgatedrubber :bellows i izzwhich-is retained in I place at upper bysasplit mg lfl'clamped b em'ng lesism i n i athis i movedto alter casterand camber Means have been provided for cushioning theimovement; of

While we have described our invention in some a detail, we intend this description to be an example only-and not as a limitation of our-invention, to which'we'make the following claims; 1 f v =-1.*In combination with an automobile having main frame members, a wheel suspension mechai' nism comprising a generally? rectangular frarne workhaving generally vertical side members and a removable top member, braces extending from r the topof said framework to said-mainframe members; means securing the bottom of 1 said frameworkto the underside of said main frame, members, -and steering knuckles slideably and rotatably mounted on said vertical side-menibers.

=2 In combination with an automobilehaving main frame members, a-wheel suspension mech'a a nism comprising a generally rectangular framework having" generally vertical side" members, braces extending forwardly-"and backwardlyfrom the-topof said frameworkto' saidmain frame members; means securing the bottom of said-r;

pin, the ends of said retaining cylinder} being "shaped intoplane surfaces along cords of said fcylinder and defining rectangular apertures, and roller bearingspositioned insaid apertures, said .roller bearings; having their ,1 center {por,tions:

i brations in thanking pin and so that itmaylbe turned oniasradius equal to the. radiusofsaid kingw pin a'ndi-their end portions turned v.on a radiusequal to the radius of the. inside of said sleeve-Jr '5 6. :In, combination with: an-automobile having a-generally vertical kingpin mounted thereon,

a sleeve positionedaround said king pin, a bearingretaining'cylinderiposi-tioned between said i "sleeve and said kng..pin,. roller bearings retained bearings positioned between'said king pin and aid sleeve 'a plug positioned in 'one end of said sleeve, a second plug positioned in the other end of said sleeve, a flexible'bellows secured between said second plugand' theend of 'said sleeve and extending to the end of said king" -pin, and coil springs' positioned within said sleeveand around said kingpin at each endof saidbearingS, said springs abutting against saidplugsand said bearf t V f [o ingsto retain said bearingswithin said sleeve. 5

ramework thelu'nder d s mm rame 8. In combination with an automobilehaving e e s, and i g QC Q S l- Y otata generally vertical kingp n mounted thereon, a E i? g 53m i 33 1 2 sleeve positioned around said king pin, a'steering com m W1 an'auromo 1 l g knuckle supported by saidsleeve, a lower spring F cross mb r a r i kingipinsrmountqd 213-5 seat supported by said f sleeve intermediate the illgenelrarlilli vrertligal pos gon fige e g o ai ends thereof, an upper spring seat positioned cr ss 6 e ace S X e v 1 T0111 6 around the upper end of said ing pinfand havl p s ot said g pins to i o b e mg a dust-tight connection therewith, a coil threaded e qn d ea i s d spring" extending-between 'said spring seats and 'i g fiif i g g 31, 2 gggfi zgfi jgge bmg partially telescopingsaid sleeve, acorrugated cy- 5 1 95139 0 S 1 r 1 9 g lindrical bellows having its ends fixed'to said tie bar extending between the upper e spring seats and telescoping the upper portions 0f said king pins, a sleeve slideably and rotata-bly f said king l e andi means defining mounted around each of saidking pins, asteer a m fromlwithinrsa'id bellows 7 I 2 r. S knuckle supported upon fe Sai'd'sle'eves, 945 '5 9. In combination with an automobile having e c e'sh b xte g I a generally vertical kingpin 'rrioinited'thereoma c e ifi tt t c t r ldi 6 a sleeve positioned around'said king: pin, a steering b I knuckle supported by said sleeve, a lower sp'ring ris-instant sewed by d j V i i V .l media ejthe ends hereof, anup'per .sprin'g;sea 1n generally vertical position on the ends of sa d positioned around e upper d 1 of saidgking ,P member, i e i g 5 9 Fi pin and having a'dust-tight connectiontherewith,

g V r R an par ia y e escop i ng sai seeve, a corrur A a saids rin' seats andtelesco i then e'r r- It W P ix n lw h r p tions gt sa id kingpin and 1533: meanf zlefigng V v P, 'o'sitioned ntheend of aid venti' V 1 asteeringknuckle' supported upon each of said g on i a m le having zleeves r f f ig t a g t rf ee g a generally verticalj king pin mounted thereon, a

' V tween fi 2 an t g. 1. g .3? ,9 sleeve positionedaround saidking pin, a steering '52??Sieiing kiiicis ini sfii fiShi ?$305 l euppered by s s e a lower spring iabsorbers' having yielding connections 'withsaidr65' Sat; 3 ltted sald sleeyelan upperrspring steering knuckles and said tie bar. I K i sltmneq'amupq thful'pper end of ki f 5-. In combination'with an automobilexhaying aicml m r i g i g fi e d Q??? 'avgenerally vertical king pin mounted the'reoma Se cor-ruga Fan lt W? hfl gg} 5 sleeve telescopingsaid'king pin,: a retaining cylinx to K r S r me n d? 1 1 der positioned between, said sleeve and said king V r m wi es d l s filter a 9 tionedson the end-of said vent, and an annular ring oi deformable material positioned around said king' pin ,between s'aid upper: spring seat and theend of said sleeve, said ring having a taperedcrossz egtiomf Y r in .said cylinderbetween said sleeveiandssaid king wheel supporting'mechanism f secured thereto,

11. In combination with an automobile having a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon, a

' sleeve positioned around said king pin and arranged to slide longitudinally of and rotate about said king pin, a steering knuckle supported upon said sleeve, a bumper plate secured to said sleeve, a deformable bumper secured to said automobile and arranged to engage said bumper plate at the lower limit of movement of said sleeve on said king pin, and a bellows sealed to the lower end of said sleeve and extending to a fixed portion of said automobile, said bellows having corrugated walls shaped to form a bumper between said sleeve and said automobile.

12. In combination with an automobile having a rigid member extending to the sides thereof, generally vertical king pins supported on the ends of said rigid member, wheel supporting mechanism slideably mounted on said king pins, and corrugated bellows sealed between said wheel supportin mechanisms and the ends of said king pins, the walls of said bellows between the nodes thereof having a tapered cross section arranged to form a bumper between said rigid member and said wheel supporting mechanism.

13. In combination with a generally vertical king pin having a sleeve slideably positioned therearound, a lower spring seat supported by said sleeve, a coil spring positioned upon said spring seat, an upper spring seat defining an aperture in the middle thereof positioned on top of said coil spring, means for clamping said upper spring seat to the end of said king pin and extending through said aperture, and a thrust bearing positioned between-said means and said spring seat, said thrust bearing havingpacking material carried therearound and arranged to prevent the passag of dust through said aperture.

14. In combination with an automobile havin a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon, a

positioned between said sleeve and said king pin on each end of said bearings and slid-able relative to said sleeve and said king pin, flexible seals secured between each end of said sleeve and the ends of said king pin, and means forming vents in each of said last mentioned seals. 7

3.3. In combination with an automobile having a rigid'member' extending to the side thereof, a j

downwardly opening cup shaped member, flexible -material positioned within said cup shaped membeing supported by the end of said rigid membe a corrugated flexible bellows positioned around the lower end of said king pin, means positions between the bottom of said bellows the sure face of said rigid member forming a one way 7 valve opening from the interior of bellows, a sleeve telescoping said king pin and being sealed to the upper end of said bellows, the walls of said sleeve positioned around said king pin and having said sleeve, sealing rings positioned between said king pin and said sleeve at each end of said bearings, a plug positioned'in each end of said sleeve and around said king pin, and coil springs positioned between said plugs and sealing rings.

15. In combination with an automobile having a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon, a wheel house panel mounted on said automobile to one side of said king pin, a sleeve positioned around said king pin, a steering knuckle supported by said sleeve, a lower spring seat supported by said sleeve, an upper spring seat positioned around the upper end of said king pin, a coil spring extending between said spring seats, a corrugated cylindrical bellows having its ends fixed to said spring seats, means defining a vent from within said bellows to the space on the opposite side of said wheel house panel from said king pin, and a cap of filtering material positioned on the end of said vent.

16. In combination with an automobile having a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon, a sleeve telescoping said king pin, bearings positioned between said sleeve and said king pin, seals positioned between said sleeve and said king pin on each end of-said bearings and slidable relative to said king pin and said sleeve, and flexible seals secured between each end of said sleeve and the ends of said king pin.

17. In combination with an automobile having" a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon,

a sleeve telescoping said king pin, bearings posicorrugated bellows between thenodes thereof having a cross section of tapered thickness, wheel supporting means carried by said sleeve, and

means defining a one way valve for removing.

water from said bellows.

19. In combination with an automobile, a pair generally vertical king pins, vibration damping elements interposed between said automobile and said king pins, means-securing saidking pins to said automobile through said vibration damping means, means bracing the tops of said king pins with respect to saidautomobilameans interconnecting the tops of said king pins, wheel supporting mechanism including steering knuckles slideably and rotatably mounted upon said king pins, and coil springs telescoping said king pins and yieidably supporting said automobile upon said wheel supporting means.

2b. In combination with an automobile having a rigid cross memben'a generally vertical king pin mounted upon the end of said cross member, a dished washer positioned between the end of said king pin and'said cross member and defining I a vent hole, a rubber washer positioned between said dished washerand said cross member and forming a one way valve over said vent, a sleeve positioned around said king pin, and a flexible bellows telescoping said king pin and sealed to the lower endoi said sleeve and to said dished washer. I 1 21. In an automobile having a generally vertical king pin mounted thereon, a sleeve slideably mounted uponsaid king pin, a spring seat surrounding said sleeve, means for supporting said spring seat upon said sleeve in a plurality of positions, a second spring seat carried at the upper end' of said king pin, a flexible bellows extending between said spring seats, a coil spring positioned between said spring seats andwithin said bellows, a second flexible bellows extending between the lower end of said sleeve and the lower end of said king pin,'means defining a two way vent from within said first bellows "to the atmosphere surrounding said bellows, a filter on a said vent, and means defining a one way vent from the second of said bellows and permitting the escape of air therefrom by entrance of air thereinto.

NILS ERIK 'WAHLBERG.

ROSS I-I. PHELPS;

WALLACE S. BERRY.

preventing the V 

